ࡱ> F*Nт۳ Y*JFIF`WANG2 CREATOR: XV Version 3.10a Rev: 12/29/94 (PNG patch 1.2) Quality = 75, Smoothing = 0 C    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342 i }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz?Ѷm:LREQEQE܍L-QMM/L3NQLy5=XMqq' X?|%bVX?|# rgK6 ¢G4'  ͷy!HAx"I9ϙ6kR,cT]cnAJ,1Ymi鷾lFƻcTQ = *HVA\RqIQӬY!/PdJA5o:MfӮ+u~$=kwkV/nF )s4ޚcS.* |WB襎Xuu# ԔQEQEQEQEQERQEQKEQEQEQEQEQE! s[څF@3ɯWNjˢ^L|9M$K^ៀk3ϖzk <9SI 9MvQQ5EQ( s2f&K>ҷTr rEr4_^Z fmX6%2J:״+2#"z6ycOh[jtj?k:"ߺox~4Etrkc9unp?*xE2q(@¹:mkrQy"jo⻟@#mOS^V~iVQ@qL4H/`[$6+3Q4Z&K(f ܼu~$*inֳu5!a? H4(r%4xNt5]>34ף2K]6Pۆmkw:FCoT4gr=+pjxU ?*? 6#^%1׬xR.4EB2Mp+*Q GtR1G,O#c ¾CQ>'%7A|XQkpf=6V%*E|.'PӭnapTs򯡭mm*U=MZxA)@-nI#+ſ 5 3M-sj"X S<'K]l 2E} 7ɝb }* -QEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQHzkM+̲(rs_9ǚߍ/v4 8?`{}м/xr R%hw2Xڤvq 'sIK5FH6*? h^'RW!~VV+|-]E1&=mR5E(WcIh/޵? $ 6%ٌD}*Oxz/ecm:r1{׿ibL$J +ʾngC^5TWxݲSRJ'K?4b\۵} {-GCӂ fAWVj]/ڍ66~5|;:3I+:Mg3sonMڑ׌pmoZq\\JҊJul&]!qYfXSpѱ#XHG*9,/_In|^ xs_nFJk< 1i }­u-%!J(((((((((()@Ҽ[/;Lr(9 4sZKoF7}31uy2^: ڕWnaZQ^cxZC5 #{y~hq4n٬|\qҾw+M\S ⾗VWPAdyYzݨom2W+/jZ]QX(uiؽ*иL ̺ cg+0$5~{y Oz'58𽿊=qg"5Ah xxKIJxgX-}_5b:aՁR2=k>3,>p%F>Z|%`4 ָd ƼoZ?!62GAaKM m^Sy>w ѥHc]Er3 7w{pCQO^:ϊ5+^M>/0dtm졊_:UP}kGc4; rTaG"y #gdJ<UmY_Mcźglub@~e5QEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQTyG c+築?Z]+CdI0<ҹ_;|ev;0ْgJc|3`}G+TA'.xͯkHۡDoG9h$<+q;(P9$N/\jVf;N/zNWUC۹\U#+7^O|S tqGnk`Mn$#pZOKi V׊m*(/. 0ֹ/2ҼW($^IPbxcږi>%ɶ&|xᯌ5kUKłMqs^yYV5@ 1׼[Y4rVQ7c!ul)?_TcYۅ%\~:QLwTFf` OJoֱI}M{4<9[i n u5cmj6ڎ!Jx|H|\ RyWDktG2^5 j:,k ,с+t_[.2A4M 6(VE"'EQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQETI.%_ďW$M7Nш$dsĒǩjHir_Iime)HEhqA/jmnOGc/Դ<hM ނo豓yBU5ɏ31oՎfV7 4L:ҴW?&owSђ E|cZtMnTNA_FitW$jq*ʹwVA.J:=NgúLq9,qQ?P)䢂IP=jڥ􂩟9n>2<xӓŚ [fufwI?-AZ r#XڃW7xcKuK۸CMlۑȮc-yŏp#9S{xP?ɯl"F5u'/ v Si^ɵCv7G$;hZY3tg'WUËXıj 2y]k"d=W?~!YRi_x-QEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEV+hi$H2OJĩCw.R3`>|/_T)`*>}'imvGP8W;yhPy o#I]G{k%˺9)5ZvSO^ZIc#]W¦r~lk-;6ifx*e7EWv]wJmcJNNVF@kZ,g&YFI5*F bczou(UUk>9Xh]:\o];I"~|G՜5+১Vu1;ո~ig៼9?_?AQyWj{|j|Fmu˸{U)>xMoxWQ;3?5Vm>4jk<@}E?һⷅu;ՂCq]ݽbKyD=5ltV>{e,S"-mo 5"ws)נs66g+cw>0Ք~[ts./ ߵaש5R2[A!yz54k.xMP\%` #_zr=ih((((((()ŘI=oyt-&l@HJ]l?j xE$U\|qikCPbWMq'Éj]#4NUМ0?Jk6:=7w1ƈ3 7ѧvhaֿ|su=^OX8~wpk>LBVJ5k51x퍬.+on<;Isr"f[>2ibŚt|0+i+6yzyjsJѰSWjռ5OFBmZkTExr.b xVγa+ح-" (UQLu m6K(MxcǖX+CYaxn7ۻRpG;źd*#k;Pռ P4St9WEb^6yv^4jvu2W`: Z(#{Zi=C[xDbPng5-B)μTQv j2Ǵ V|;r{[xKKv?ZmB.-fIbq)Yx $QeB"Ny-*[ǜk&Ծ+kei-?t+Yxke孔A#D k7'|}us:Hϧ^t/hOhf");s׵E4w,0daa^Ucz&a]B >7o<-@[d5}gjvƟ C iEQEQEQEQEQEQEQA\|UoMk\y"%'MFR}p3_Wx3С X֝a][NpvƤ?GS-k)m.Y!qiMgƫ.M*M?ƻ߃VΟ& f2r^8mj;\_؆kHzG_ʽӌgj6]^Lă%׊jF7IvKZC_k5?wr8ׅEp~;e2u'A\1)xOvmq^[ë~ex!;H6yG>64=Bb-?,~( QEQEQEQEQEQEQET,$N)UWcelB}kվ t-uP-{;tƋ[]_HLVk,q^OA9mm2yS]+?R-uk)m/"YaU|  5'KM'=Sǚd6̻nf샽z<e8E.fiRkK~(3p>T,k?|]9B7 ? _K͒X@||konfQOݦm97$}szP !x6UK(sYk C\\n>|Q}lBMGQף 59j4 㷒:v ?Wc]FCQ^y^yOxYG\֦Mrpj# BےU-x1oK"_\wqDeQɌ4RZσ|U%,,pƀҼCڼ/Ֆf ~t.g^<ϳ lo/m|95M( | [_ ev/3LܜoKQk]: 6a <]K"RH=kt5K lPZVƛrq a 8+WŚ LRosGu &hyCjMT^/Zkvicf?vOŲxwB֙7ן5 NwjW_;uJ%vEx-rY3<֨'d3EX: }S!8ߎi~EaԠ>~7\S:W|]ާ}&Ny3e#'"+^0l>6X4Y=֡r  ~'x#ðJv^=/ÏKPcS m+~(x:?jcYlr}x)ܲ }}yaAYCwT UҊ((((((+?SMn/ep…M|}}f>-nvM/^3_M;~1;y[kc:s UI=Myx#Ŗ7(;3;RxŖקMfϛIpzޥkdrSE"vq^[=JӮ6ڽ2AJqO3_^:F XWiVgW7ţ߻ ^img[Ek(EV^Mze!#0 s6UI֋ˤOBӚ]kD3ۈ|C:/DRk !7?fn/dDu x'Ě*3(2޽VWW+o>&_~U/.'7:&n?y]~i^{URh>QTGV-nzQ1yfdGkz(u+s~*_vZ1j#[f;vX:Ljt.|< tq3zwzrּMߋ>(}X-V[DqJG&| r+>Q%eP1jk^:&uKhktrp8VW~ݦs&f((((((+ž;;HMLMs̀\? k {O}>v^mmحTVC7e^Mж:vuj.-2F E<|?eˋ-6dl4,zUi_j`;r {W=sV<o4f6M"9x Az$#FrTJox [٣ҭ+oz֑i}{oy6rYi#{ƛnEBKWm_^7G'oagmuM 89>DvO F+f?d/Ү^T]cP_WWk:**yoa^ QM.IB[۞ M{-EtH֬69Q0S}k%BH-,,dAֻxŚ$w! X5*") ⻋%9{ 3';Ew𭷄? 4c'dҞE|;tgz*Vg%Ք4L35DƓ,;Gn=+%_QU4]f8U#=E'҉C&Q^ڕ9o5 Qx87ľ#ƻ0Ѯam)Z7enດw? ~2k,o-ﬡ*R 6->."VI>(oheT$^?,M;I,Y#A]Ox~oQrbg^ooa!Qs1Vy]h@;5zKíLhp3W@(((((;W^~ Tkݧ5 |: "n_[*(*N:dSrsw a|z0kzkP)+wc j/kiu,Mz~>$&pAjτ~Q~Ɉ8=kXeX~j> oI$:5Ǽ^)vi5Myxwz&c]-n[|n6{\/&aBB=Hz$Y۴Hkbz X Yz'~G3$2s[KGtE+s=V#EyKu$W"P$ՏbToTsФ ߻aSGҵQel?rLӴ֯Nb? 鱎_Nv%_4ؚ- t\*1f{!{?LXՏirkǩ&vgZ4>yMr@C]Ay4Z>ﬥVGySW"w0Ĩ6[hk1dV81!QߏtZ_5/j knLH-8"^W%e#K(фF}%Cj񯆡O,Am-w \?Kg4\g"HhڂF"cĖߠndӝ*_ ƕzy|358q8WXZKs1csjfk1Z˾\wſsw4qn<Wďː]4((((((ȯ~<{XV˒]R꒡ܷԵ-A46_ #ֲ-o1@Uw n~{Qǵ~=-<3b |ώ벽7&!Tu5kWpxn.$A+حn`gD6 "J,(WzbG?`Yrl)e2Mx_O{ wO by^XxCL /v5q+[98Y~ /GN q]ei/)*?xu';xl攅 I^T|7 D1f}9 "{q^Vw,-C&@$WTkAhV׿h7Q>S3}\qkKm:[$1.I'mͦY6UP*;Wf&0Vms[Iӄs;Ivt71=OL,ed0 SE⏴[B~A蠚'Stom\4R`G8{z֯cv0tP`ڇ CF9ci յQjr#$g> ^&ݶ*A?<9;SlOWZ:k |'2c`2]<][:"NNϯJF>'jwTbdcJZ }+w^~H"81Iף\4|5{Tm#_UxXMw}X+((((({tvS9ƌğa_2Ɠ6Kg_^xgLO21!u gqt.Akw|7Ϧ]m/<,::g~h4&m%aҺ~(xk"[ubGL}+o̺,&7OjZZ//@=)9תM㒅8Y/qs\<xɺPa$AcO5$o[hsK/$.z2[r|yZ~+x]>)j7ggAx" i+5n$#VW0oåj*lH77/^ Ct9t_|Ga#}?k?ɑ_Z]#DAw+WVZ%׊_ 0zQ⻏j;TcҺxW^*Ok?-Nr[WuԺ圂n<;x#7EƯoho4Oפ͢xFfc$W1O~$6icbGZkZƐuy9*IT o h;+!\>2hZeÍ0q,uO4%hB:W7xO[8O/8HsM?H!FyW>> o>O 9A^Z0Ad\V Iq3Xx^cpV~:f/[rZωP}Α>Y+!c!|Wզ6C=@)8Eb{Ӊ:lrzҮ~am3!Ҋ(((((;W SV]#n_<%=) uvG?6@h~+>WYSOgWxh63i,:\3_AVKaZ"E? ڃ:bKO 2^[gHm`|s^p4_|D?M?MȀFp\d^ii:jZķ ~3\Kf|c]p‰EgP3X$ sN,jpsڼᖉ?YRG]7Voi887z.j=SF"⧃naDwVH|gz~G]qOV.{MgVY Zb8'ں1rV&uuv>bȥȮG)>κ 'A_?WIc\+a׺!k3-.Ogm/ XG,5tWK4p^GTP9,p+>!i_c_<}ki#TϨ!=sR J,>&h h(O#41*i\j|#h|,{)7fH¬CK<w5~2xj-gmoRO_ŤwSr c"/x'9 :g-OW{cvZb%B+_Km+~Cgۏ]d-!a¾9wQ| n5 yzd5}?zYMRg^pȬ"4Ka!w}kh&}-@9eɮុ/eLA?Ȯƚ%V"ϭpƋw:/%-u h֟'R=4j~ĖX[lW :j7V0_3>3Z.~!x Z[wH98ֽ+V#4 s^;*]D,:׹+Fu4\<-xՉ+5!NJJKwbo-4F܋z{ױk"/6R(_j._[C 2Fps\2ַ$<s槬$ 7@.HX5T[լfᢶm Wfuow-lFckc$sϪ1777kM͌m9]L^H@XmUyo|cOMw kgivpo[x\5Xƪ}gO e{-]lF_h}(=+E}i|C! 9gְu?M񞋪rZZkmb:|$~5ƟHGae(J|Cڴq[Of?o/.bU x{u+ ϮYC= ƣ<'}eiMRqXc3V]Fw[|qsZ~jFDxf_ƻQR{ K]o$.]hlC_ײl*0BY:|?VCd2|J%w2 Cl/SPXDW`;א3;/W&;RW.ZҊ(#}3vczWkVڷkvϦ6d3Wg4, }*ޟ=LU[m6qܦMjX]B"AYAk;kUD=@}寏:x*OI$׭|&&*(((((V <&,_s('}[@ +ɭjGNh.%&GpHֶ<j\w:%ܗ+k)sI{Q7Z߇NםKzgXXm1)obkpX ]7Qeq `oEݤcuxiö pť0%#j4 ~`n-bF4 ?SL46GEe#FA?Ox]ktGF03^-'$=X6*Ww4:\N]q?V!Q}*iffvZFWڹ/Bκ (#LAwn"ZRzW|OHH FT)ָ C㟉/1٪[„?G?B@j(]T8;Nq^&7ާ'^0á{X״]?R1 gV gmD\&~aڕp}___񭶏ak s-ܻ0thpZd=xIs^EQEQEQEQEQT'1 6`x|ů_i٨K8#QW|{eMJb@In;] ;/ʚ?UKIMJطt@J#Xy5@kx#1so@!A5'孚H(,~_ c }*x>ɩ]%ˮ'r? ZytZOl[Kp~ +_o)-ZR.bŝٷq9>"i{!i{\cQې> Ȭhb!\v<W"tmƖ'k'V{--Լ~VKn/n)cR:&p-杇ʋް'sɫf6ZW{yLTqNԾ%\i#%u/ @ ^c,Xy91S+]F!Zf Y*-IA|u ݵw pqZGXլ@p=EYv_Gko9!PxSҼKkxLK8dY𷇾xqVC{kup:!'v‚8KdU* q?‘HPژ~*xETy{"֎m+ReKApP9t;1ιoN:4vc&s9+L-gW]B8ܟ¼Tx|%!oN-kʷfb[yzcpuO]Y^Ǧ&-\O+~:Ϣ%4c<r8p5;d {eku^>+)Ͻm?oJCs*ך(}kmѫzkh}Nq9ʻ5H^EQEQEQEQEQYz>5} /t{bYg k=Yi UpdE|}Fhn]O`븏_ᶳ]cJ!km5ŶE9#\U*+ {-4WxOZf]>_¼ ߎ:̬ ~D׼y)kd1z5?4Iav֤Vgw{{Zܐ; ʒjNw-q`p \gl#݆FbA OR?:jI{-A~&k5[y#0u,$cH]mVjpN%aj};z[!x;~ė c03of1+(՗崻no5IE61Ut[MSM2I ]^0*Oxm`uijey4KN:H85ھ}iq{B_'yŚ ]>w_QBkY.KAk<()ҡt,+h-l0e@**c6x:C'4W '>0k}&5KZWg[klcm#ci'EtT(?j|5X|rndB- T]ڶZl"P8~n%wd8x/tM2OJJt#T hœ85l^'>it?Q^X*HG<:'Yg"^]}XGѣm='+OuI5G@9et}+>>6k5Ze,OWxƱ<,pRMq%cSr׾1#1+׮bZmD)ɵWX7𯞙wcZSOM,H0H@NL1JFU8k ҷAں}n1LH5(Q+!Tui8Ȳ?V#vB3A1sJ|9g^^E}]׃|l֯t/iW#>Kḳ~_ t?-pan᫧mATsَ+zZn/|Ă㬨< 9qWoP?#Hʺ#)dW#xC՝/٧<`;Nk ìFվn~چ{6I\#~nT~/q7! _X4)"m$y4mNKh$91 ?/ _}yMwQw[y3tV_P8 :(((((u-ꎦF9nzA}t*U.=B-Ṿ* 7FӴ87}jZa|15xW`sWA=cgDg^iiS-ĐD+~}Y5Mnw8xNs=›:PxWKi=F'`ɭU`2 xg[7 pg_ֽcږ}iQ;W|⼔ F1sk *0ʀ7Z{M99)H KVV+"I\b?X/m[ܸHFf'\?<˫iM=:_.+MzaF1ʳ-nY?UZ MxŶ!Vo%U:4O |,V15C gGT|* 4'V_ \nfZe5dQ:^݁ƹ$w.}JUXC+jvOAζ#TsFK;KƔȏ^޼㴅C7//zސNfq"xHxiT3u=EuY[EooQTp*;Ra}/j?Ez;sVG⟿[?}EQEQEQEQEQU̲OFKׯ4]C +P oFnjkbTMWN5s~5=P,?wy&~'1ku} 5Qx1_v~ ߘlKk wFxsI#dL?y׈>I 跗8W++Y 0A'-vӯ [57@e ?VӴ:5=svv[¹\o7Qz \U?o5EC o8n Hs^\ l69o!-CY./[tyKimMqg>HSMsTPӬDKҘ=ƩikVEp/=i$ Ecs.~&w;ִ5[]^%ôI_硫nZ?!!(;dk#z4Bg=t񖣯_^LdXPFW :oH״?GՃNneHӖ栓UѴ3@l kޡqx#IA<5yiEDY#w~w |c,;NCDV/>u` =㵌 $Oeow@:|?Gf{M+kAE ºG!v6?_^ 1PҼg/|=umS^w70^jQGjܼ8zV=īH2YOvq뫲IfYbnC)ȫhɶåEnZYx((((()2z/d*s -I9y*_jMzFZ(Z¾Ծ$K6^J9#$~ k>H\<%IJ6y?{WvvV:[İkZ9h^g2Ӄ`G^ WosT_/G? u/daH;|Q Ed:ɎGhզGyg(x~^Ƽ㝳K 5^Ch67L"gVC`z8-kz_PH@Mx>9^,?/zy6[ꗑ M&q־q2.;D_ݏmf˦<3[Ն8W'eˢk:4MxҴz](7kh wQgt+m8EvatCJORj|2lpXJ;kᯇZ+#37Ax~NV2uh汴_6m^]K}7):jv7GeҐ ~Oҍ T/9Kg}|/=}b|;ahiS)rƼ~{K2/kVZ|k׭kU!N2Pvc.+OWlb^lVJ#}F[Kּ?OoexgF H$WSZ|SM9eSM3Ym{ J%Mѣ_n?_XLӦ-4}2i H >Cފ~\zF]Z ['^@j&ut# @7t=GX2ʻw?ZuDŽ|{uᕙ?6;C|C^x=Cfa,s^EQEQEQEQEQA_$k6^?|af]5 uOv9tOš 4'5|7f*(&t=r87~,JM.n$epp^k 3oks/2R λ\B[ysA)OQֺ?u1TާXc90=L1Pƣy '̈Bi~ eaxv֬Eq,j)Wx#$;4[͍ # ٹ W9S]7m6fHb^y-Ċ3JkǚΦZ\;|ipG] wjz{Wu)ΈARď]:g@R1q^iJ"1ҩg ;Dd690`z 8|E!Tui8Ȳ KI)qHG/Z~R$HH ǿ5zu4s\"Wz>'i>" mrMFolנRQX^'F.3+>\.+; ⦭seᆲ25S\FSVʹ6$.#DuPda$8"o!xNg}*ki,@Xбx{v~ kE?t=wQoᑴ@mgaOXtI{hMy ] B66d%jNYb2I^W^oWkezq^?|> !9XF07~QEQEQEQEQE|C5]?Pa?t'Չ9xdHbϴ, bsMkUY ႀݓ] 2YCWKa *#nâvOQXZ74;:fomkv,W AٲZ0knb͞ED25ZVw kjЬC]F23Uiz֭}b&kч!y׫>wt,˂پ|_cPl=9fҬ y ~_ʴx8bDOEyUTdڼK?^ yY&^7Ω~\s+)RxkźՍIF,j$;H cAxԧTFy"GR`7/ݶehMK|#7/*kAOӭ#Pz™D;#!5=?tʩ*;tPp7 OPsjKVp+>4jS >mqn7_+oVn(^Upd#ǂ3@yl)"Xھ2麲yEp?Ǻ^$w H-9+$cwجjP Pyeş=Zu#3G_K֗2ZȞa3<I|w=`Fz~yo3i [AݹwwFi5':X6$8FA xMg y⻽7K,$*cc? [?|헐uj&`V<"?|Kruݹ%뭃}}!c> Q٢(((((& kgx^w W[O`ͅN=}9ڠwyQn9l f{maiR4fc+̼CD{{{N~7n:fv'N_N,Y,W{QҼ#4 _zg`bpֽ?k?\2"주̄1^x[(/>d⭷/yږW|NԡlM^:]x.'< c X}narq]G_ IJ7e 2خN{BD$^C]_<A-pw4-֮9*zfVMEE^ (> yV>*#HبX0yeJ~ʠ7-ԛm{Pk-ɾz ԑRIX4ڌo4gL&'*sqo@Mb8k!:/Dnu"H*58K6Lc"X j4K?g~l]bڬM] mHͥۂɽQQaSK/jh-׬FR2j6qrcKg=kƾ^*NE״wO<=+l>i:5yIخ_he bD*/#יW1Ck <70s-oC}HͻnH UMka.+>:xYXihiWEᏎaVD_O4Mn :2g` oAKQ|q J>[Z{;ۦٱ)QEQEQEQEQEL: B/#M͜1\yo?¾͂d9ǥxſZxWG/vɰ< M-b7!MzlVV;x@r)ml>hf`*x}Zm?P'BżsޛOÃDy =qx¿Bok2ko--[<lEmI/EQRM,pHʨ$9&U5YGFk?FQyeq( 86(_0ޕxCZ悗{7SW޼_%-ofK .y5^,A ۆG+dI|RGgI;mLK,jLI +2V༷`J_D-LW(q\y#~dE?5<32ohu^únyj7;Z-[Ð?;6~vjO~1\V}Zus%,sj/+zW]x.ħZOHb ʨo/B Hq^q| 4^Nqʦ fE>"+y+)k>24[cfNޣҽxQ+>cZlm~Gq4qs+I+nZ((((()0kω<*lfewvW$j#qJ xO"=W⎹^|k) qs^E&xL?[xy2L֯g4'GPU(O^6Rnzku^GҸOn,$=^uK{[ 5&?>0Lӭ~+g|QMcp,#cjo> o A^#$WRr+uռcx>^M= { <9]7b pB>f>qcW7Kcה.Tާ'Zo~ E$ ˌhI}8UπlGjٟYw0^/^GA bebF\}?W<\m~>d?6zZxn%Z/:>,C9S\7Q&t9=z W|PvI[~UTh]_;CJ_R٘rSXxvkHn_b;^[u 4,̮ x&f%t.yZVo^[8hPC#Hl:@ׅmmvbWPs]x#RъLJ{h.P$Pk| 㛽n("p? Ofu_Ih]) 'q:m9J((((((xOlӘ3FC>x8+ȴwyM렂Km? hO4粑gk 鷚Ov Xu&cy_ I׸\^Z~6*{O8܊HSGZƩ[=֛pۧN}EUimt<g\|ALjk}>& WA vQT@Ҧ#">kA0s\<{s^ t2|~+L!<2659#it$մ>!x[4m=sGQ;{xG¨y]7v3]H ]<73mb.Ҝu5EiX=uF𽍒.ݑ ܊:~l um9/K"2BTÊP3Qqd5>/c.Tvt5nM[×9Y!rUM{5E}+7k7ˣ˟n碷{Ҳ-*T1\*WW7xZ[ɎF:Wl^)e ,R2@A\ΡGREc+):<+/Bk,7vAJXֶ~7bX$l~WꚔF=˅$,rk<c?}q[&Ȅ7JSW6Ǧ[sll MFfI#;WJk6\ Z6]#}\׊&.y~d+{ uqߌ}GivֈXc VQEQEQEQEQEPzW;5 X:/+WZq1%^m3_cj:|d O|O3f9;z_xJ-o퓄9${> zd>(i$;brGZ>giYıƒIu}mcN;Wsc& ex믇^=VrQd^ݤ֙ UV쌛yc?ʬ)R0x,|ahTCz1̽s^sx\{ 1%;b9}kb״}:Y%LVt2 *-^,{k_#nN:Wzcx5umlʷwUJ=K:8A {XPxFeж\qu{^/6"]?i_z%+mz|:T`b8ѝ?uaV%KC|dpNkH#hC Ic]{ęT~Bׯ* 8S>(^:3\2 x~ |27:hjv]i+G$T8+ςEΖK%?ѼoO5Ő9|muGKm`}IT1NEղ1^kFSaN7_@ O߉ɥCW1k֦BRa2;Ҁ t((((()|Ÿ$т=|W|A<>t{5aXf[;UmooP51\?>!Cn:qs^ox%:05 bx@>t$t> /~x+; 9;(xgM%j"c_=,znrp>xO2ގ$f7zteXȘWSA:|v;cƶ3\?iZ}3^ڼM<7ƕ+;#>v:$܏{V4]HxpE]gtp*0>W=O]͎"CMyƯ/MtptȯG_Í/‘1qxF^w9AKER1WKgMkKWߨ܍"T*M6ٵUwj76[תqҗ`T34r"2+[sCU,YrC'BkuxcO쯶lE {/ 1H?[ԍK1>?qOYZO.!gῇÞ)CqMvQEQEQEQEQEQE|L70$y㜊 ^/g܊ys)}yeyWhP5JdH|[^OS /y\] +Wm<7e>m#K';N3y[v(j+1+.Z'."m9q4.Fes\ÏOouD^ I(p})C( W⟅ݥ}%c$?K}FNN+WK,-IMg( wx:*jz+ⲷhFk G+c^ rCklుa#F pcڗ42`GRxŶ^dUQ5ugU"H GYzvcOq V;KAY?k"l;^-,>)~/Oo+UUT` ?0Ўm 7\6*_|&VI= WJ1ҝEQEQEQEQEQEQE5*As_,dFڅx;FKoq^H*y_>|Ix/?oA'{|9\P𪂀k;N43dص~ϺaCԝ~y'Wꚵf7 H9,kt?C':-ܘ,A*=s^oq)4.7PGz󯈿VYxߊ4?Pq E: 񦕪&y߀v u(Ԁ3ßĒh"_&4R ^W FG=iJ =+U𾏭!}5j7u!զ~Y"m#ēEflLtjTҾ/.j%k&_֝_5/)µ>i*VMJNGuOp^&DB;jiMJLbº;_@~35yn}iͽ1oV6k.x%}k<9ͤhZM3*[ [?z[<.,Ƽz+C2鱶b#Z=œ2 > ~<-O4&y74>`lཷKyVHd25x:w"+veITa]T}4ifKnmީAܾBĚŚό|[$2ģ5Ï -onT y[k(((((((ҹOfxvDaRbltjVPOnh :dfοoM PpC3i۬c ؊ƨ 㟴Ӂ;8R*| r}쩹 ,xt xj^&Kk xKº,)hl>Z:Զ;hQ.^Gj+ 6hڎ>ϪE#/4CpbLf%7WF A=+|y;Bkk YU1mF㻵k4I!u"AxQЭIR2qW>|A SXp4ZF>o<ѵl#nrXhCKMN1FGQ(ڎFOݱYZϋI҈\f<[X Ge$vVcJiu=sƞ#[FK=*7,J~fi=>_د3O׼OizYeaL0{΂PIF\l`mҸoEӼ%fM|G מxkߏu/[=ۢnvXGoo4UQwTFa7{o?yi+ >Ycq |WφӅ?,L3Ǩ⺻OXK [v=&//Gq /[.,)b(,l4Rvڳ/cc5e&Jj^َ/ֺ?4zZvIP?|UYE·G&㪹zJՎ`|)Y;$r=EbxEYk4xj5kbڗb[FŋN+WZNEu4riv8B ziwt]:]Z1Z|-k-E[?xHEq^ݵCCsq -,*F,q?|ZyNX1FB7d_&M&-{qq"U?QH@$l4h IDSn\+\6l* k~,(,"5|צ[gCQWpGA_0}U) }k I>".l/Tc;=+ڻW -,"snJ-QEi6Zū[0Wk _6)+Wß]7Ķct)r0 S!IgXd`j(hʞbTM^n!cf,7dj%\e.Z'`R1>][ԏ6rx5ү7 O<1YOq"+k!w"["(9=Mz_è5I1n7_#FWogkuq|jO NծSCb*_4{cY\|GY|ɷֻmk4N8hZvA%Q2H_|Nм4\]tX993e+&ߌ/|>)ngIuS8v t(K2k^P^y?ɱ-hv\N0+ۆ6Yޱk]ȫ`OZ+>%@]џd1¾W4𾊗WHGz`Җ(((((((J|S_X]v>9S_'ZV?4/nxLq([Y[޽jZ(3Epk/_Dq*5yρ|iu纶>Kp+OGַ|rdہ}'Ś.cR 4[kyABۢcՂWDӓQ{i\a&ܖЬj͸W8v+B3Q-gr[@FXcPԬ#/ws*W`+2hN,zd~> ;X_MӛxcHzB^ 1A*"Q*P-dQEZ$ #V'|1aI G.G$ֹFs1=fNVRl(}k9-uXs~((((((()O-`9W'A๷~Wa_Ox6~2ҖU%%<]#(UZXU@',EC'Y(x[G"x-[pk_Ф~bB fŧo _0F]H>F4RSmֶM>Tw`9}ϊx9o'`lZ|%+`[iֺ**P>(]ZY-۪@-_&x]ֵ }tI_ |DZ¸ˮ{קTnbAh2ǁ_<|Tɣ貕^%O/X x/oQӐ嘏}+ >L!Q@QEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQE!+;"9}oèF27{[[/-aoa_Exem`TN7}+҇AKHyx3Kִ{á+&>l1߅fGf9o0pGTy /zt[Wyr -<+V,*<I? iX|t(=*դ7qIꧡ+Ŀ5}KKm(g +# H aT 7 A(d;xY̋$%1ι^y;Ld ' ^\B"l2=qEQQIrEǰZ,+x"pP3}+KX@6ƁGSH8ERMxz׶ZeshP:R(x6N@!W|(oNuWrDC{WјA5_W?'gBT̥C޻/|EC4 lTQG5?yncVSE gŽsIlmInWx͗.E_f=5)  `:~5reܟE$t ( TQETM,,qVc+ǼwK2X.n@~Umwq#{?;Y#!+֕* ?QEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQER`TSC4Rtad|Ԍ*nycx#V$'F]gE%i|:ne[W1 [5KEW^ֿ vQ$_/7.$|ڽss^2xk×Z?: 5b牙RcNъQKᆭHZXW׾x7^_fSd_{դ K$mXdi:zp<Ҿvau~9V`ׯ,2A#}XHS&kĶ2Ga]Gmj>(EsdEe w(4 )$+gĽвp3HpFNO֭x/6YR6',9j'Ҽ+nX[(`>iHqREQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQER0x wW^PI>9x_4z+zG s^6E=ū#s{m)oBc~>_tf%)ʶ◵QY!+) O^νn#/`8'Ʃy:5ɂ|ֽy2}G?fh[yQ}=v[u".2ɞ^{~hGu}J((T Q*J((((((((((((R0kt?}f#0>( {h^CϋzH5'#<[QR^g+м3rme>: \`{S$8q\εh?ڵ8wk̵-ѥzIҼ\oV[U_99Ğ%rڼ1&Y<+KH.5/˅i(5p6,QT`U8((((((((((((1H@KEHW֑N̼כFO%<:f\)}-FqH|57KFQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQE*JZC0?L%|%K9j5?NiD}뗿6Pʽ;uw6_/Ys=up1U-86zgя?Y<5/Ɣh,'gԿ?zz\WK?[6Wr}pKښN0u\N_KHYs]$qh4U_E&((((((((((((((((QE`S4QO"ȣȋy'*LQ(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((0( &     pwww.cs.northwestern.edu/~fabianb/classes/cs-495-w04.html~http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~fabianb/classes/cs-495-w04.html/ 0DTimes New Roman(0(z[ 0 DTahomaew Roman(0(z[ 0 " DArialew Roman(0(z[ 0 "0DWingdingsRoman(0(z[ 0 @DVerdanasRoman(0(z[ 0 "PDHelveticaRoman(0(z[ 0  "@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` q0 *     ( *,-oE%, ""R lmno?D$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$R$Nт۳ Y*2 AA1?@f3ff@8()dg4fdfd@z[ 0vppp@  ʚ;ʚ;<4ddddl|- 0X<4BdBdl|- 0X%0___PPT10 ___PPT9nnIt>"ՌPNG  IHDR +tsRGB PLTEfffm cmPPJCmp0712 7tRNS@fIDATWc`  SP1H $XLIENDB`?  O = Welcome to Distributed Systems *:Welcome to Distributed SystemsEverything you need to know www.cs.northwestern.edu/~fabianb/classes/cs-495-w04.html Your instructor: Fabin Bustamante Your TA: Stefan Birrer Communication channels: Course webpage Blackboard for discussions Cs-495-ds@cs for other questions ~9SK9 ` =K<8f U 0Tf; Materials Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms., Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Maarten van Steen, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002. Papers: A set of papers that will be made available.  /,; pg=Approach Lecture  20-25 2x30 paper presentation 20 presentation 10 discussion Project Group of 2+ Some ideas will be posted Take-home examb* &* & h>OutlinenIntroduction (1/6-1/8) Wide-area distributed systems and PlanetLab (Date TBD Communication (1/13-1/15 Processes (1/20-1/22) Naming (1/27) Synchronization (1/29-2/3) Consistency and replication (2/5-2/10) Fault tolerance (2/12-2/17) Security (2/19-2/24) Review of major distributed systems paradigms (2/26-3/4) Project presentations (3/9-3/11) Take-home exam (3/16) oZN BY9 -i<GradingProject 40% Class participation 10% In class presentation 15% Final  take-home  exam 35%  ` .T3f` T3f3f` 999MMM` lff3f3޲` eoHff33Ҷ` ff!` T3f3f___>?" dd@$?nPd@ d " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR   @ ` `(p>>   F(    # l 1?"g: VCS-495 Distributed Systems (2 f  s * "0`  T Click to edit Master title style! !  c $L " 0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  Nff??"  Nff??"?  Nff??"  Nff??"?  Nff??"  Nff??"?  c $X "`  H*(2Z  B޽h))? ? T3f3f___ 0___PPT10.[p1q___PPT92p22 aqualab01S    A(  ~  Hff??"A  0^ "   ^ ,   <T^ " ^ T Click to edit Master title style! !T    "   T^ff??"  .  T^ff??"  .~  Hff??"A~  Hff??"A  RA)\ :?nwu-seal-gray"@)i%   # l^ 1?"g: VCS-495 Distributed Systems (2 f3  # l^ 1?"3 !Fabin E. Bustamante, Winter 20042" 2 f' fZ  B޽h))? ? T3f3f___80___PPT10.[p1q 0 zP( "   0 P    R*    0x     T*  d  c $ ?    0X  @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6 `P   R*    6 `   T*  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[Na $(  r  S ^ ^ r  S \^   ^ H  0޽h ? ̙33$  P$(  r  S c0`  c r  S c 0 c H  0޽h ? T3f3f80___PPT10.j$  $(  r  S 0`   r  S d^ 0 ^ H  0޽h ? T3f3f___80___PPT10.ض $  $(  r  S \0`   r  S ʓ 0  H  0޽h ? T3f3f___80___PPT10.~j$  $(  r  S `0`   r  S l 0  H  0޽h ? T3f3f___80___PPT10.$  $(  r  S 0`   r  S  & 0 & H  0޽h ? T3f3f___80___PPT10.Fr<M4&C.(08$96f@e8:<>? AiGOh+'0Ux   , 8 D P\d IntroductionoIntroduction to OSFabian E. BustamantePabiFabian E. BustamanteP42iMicrosoft PowerPointP@@}@ OQ@Q[GSg  )'    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www4'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwüݼ޼’ö⓼üüޙޙ™޼»޻ޘϒύϑϒϒϒϯϒύϒϯeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeύϑϒϑϒϒϒϑϒϒύϒϒύϑϒϑϒϒϒϑϑϒϒύϴϒϯϴϑϒϒύϴϴϑύϑύϑϑϒϒϒϑϯϒϒϴϑύϑύϑϑϒϒϒϑϑύϴϑϒϯϒύϴϑϒϴϒϑϒϯϑύϴϑϒϯϒύϴϑϒϴϒϯϒϯϯϒϒϑύϴϴϒϯϒϯϯϒϒϒϒϑϴύϒϒύϒϒϒϒϒϴύϒϒϒϑϴύϒϒύϒϒϒϒϒϴύϒϯϒϑϒϒϒϯϒϯϒύϒϯϒϑϒϒϒϯϒϒϯύύϒϑύύϴύϒύϯϒϯϑϒϯύύϒϑύύϴύϒϒϒϯϑϑϒϒϑϴύϴϴϒϒϒϯϑϑϒϒϑϴύ՜.+,D՜.+,`    On-screen ShowEast Texas Data Service*A  Times New RomanTahomaArial WingdingsVerdana Helvetica aqualab01Welcome to Distributed SystemsWelcome to Distributed Systems Materials ApproachOutlineGrading  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles 8@ _PID_HLINKSA@http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~fabianb/classes/cs-495-w04.html,_YAFabian E. BustamanteFabian E. Bustamante  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Pictures2Current UserSummaryInformation(nDUPowerPoint Document(M}ADocumentSummaryInformation8